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Beautiful carpets of these delicate flowers can be seen around forests, groves, or on damp slopes. The first anemones appear with the arrival of spring and are most commonly colored blue.
Anemone is a well-known rock garden plant that at first glance may resemble a narcissus flower. However, unlike narcissus, anemones belong to the buttercup family.
Their Latin genus name Anemone is derived from the Greek word anemos = wind, as the plant bends even in a light breeze and its petals fall off easily.
Basic Information
This colorfully blooming plant is, however, poisonous. It contains protoanemonin, anemonic, isoanemonic and anemoninic acids, saponins and reportedly traces of alkaloids. The rhizome also contains arginine.
The toxic substance is mainly protoanemonin.
Poisoning by this substance manifests similarly to poisoning by the common buttercup, i.e., vomiting, digestive tract pain, diarrhea, and kidney inflammation. Contact with skin may cause inflammation, and in the eyes, it can cause conjunctivitis. It is stated that the lethal dose for an adult human is approximately 30 plants.
Anemones originate mainly from the northern hemisphere, and of approximately 90 botanical species, around 70 grow in temperate climate zones. Many garden cultivars have been bred from these. Even our most well-known species, the wood anemone (A. nemorosa), has given rise to many varieties in different colors.
Description
The Anemone plant ranges from low to tall growth. It reaches a height of approximately 10-25 cm. It has a smooth to sparsely hairy stem, which may have a purplish tinge. It usually has one basal leaf with a long, usually hairy petiole. In the upper half of the stem, usually 3 stem leaves grow, which are petiolate.
The flowers are bisexual, cup-shaped and grow individually or in inflorescences, depending on the species or cultivar. They come in various colors, from white, yellow, blue, pink to several shades of red. Anemones can be seen blooming both in spring and, for some species, in autumn.
Growing Requirements
Anemones are very suitable for growing in our conditions. Spring anemone species require sunny locations, while plants blooming from summer to autumn and the wood anemone blooming in spring need partially shaded locations.
Before planting, it is advisable to soak the tubers in lukewarm water for 12 hours and only then plant them in the bed.
Humus-rich, loamy-sandy soil and well-drained soil rich in nutrients is important. Some special anemone species may require slightly acidic soil, while others need neutral to slightly alkaline soil.
Anemones can withstand freezing temperatures (down to approximately -12°C). At lower temperatures, it is necessary to remove the plants from the bed and store them in a frost-free space in peat. They are replanted in beds at the end of March or beginning of April.
Exotic Anemones
From the Far East, one of the most well-known and frequently cultivated anemones is the Japanese anemone (Anemone japonica) and the Chinese anemone (Anemone hupehensis). Both begin blooming in late August and continue until October.
They are much taller than European species – during flowering they reach heights of up to one metre. They feature charming cup-shaped flowers, mostly white, pink to violet.
These species generally require shady spots and well-drained moist, slightly acidic soil, rich in nutrients. For winter, they will appreciate a generous mulch of leaves or conifer branches.